CORAL: A corpus of ontological requirements annotated with Lexico-Syntactic Patterns

Authors: Alba Fernández-Izquierdo, María Poveda-Villalón, Raúl García-Castro

This work is under license

Abstract

Ontological requirements play a key role in ontology development as they determine the knowledge that needs to be modelled. In addition, the analysis of such requirements can be used a) to improve ontology testing by easing the automation of requirements into tests; b) to improve the requirements specification activity; or c) to ease ontology reuse by facilitating the identification of patterns. However, there is a lack of openly available ontological requirements published together with their associated ontologies, which hinders such analysis. Therefore, in this work we present CORAL (Corpus of Ontological Requirements Annotated with Lexico-syntactic patterns), an openly available corpus of 834 ontological requirements annotated and 29 lexico-syntactic patterns, from which 12 are proposed in this work. CORAL is openly available in three different open formats, namely, HTML, CSV and RDF under "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" license.

Ontologies

Here are the ontologies that have been collected, their URIs and the number of requirements associated.

Ontology name	Ontology URI	Number of requirements
SAREF	https://w3id.org/saref#	71
SAREF4BLDG	https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg#	98
SAREF4ENVI	https://w3id.org/def/saref4envi#	58
OneM2M	https://git.onem2m.org/MAS/BaseOntology/raw/master/base_ontology.owl#	58
ODRL	https://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/	12
VICINITY Core	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/core#	126
VICINITY WoT	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/wot#	24
VICINITY WoT mappings	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/wot-mappings#	15
BTN100	https://datos.ign.es/def/btn100#	77
OntoDT	http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDT#	14
Video Game	http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#	66
The Software Ontology (SWO)	http://theswo.sourceforge.net/	90
Building Top Ontology (BTO)	http://www.w3id.org/bot#	18
Dem@care Ontology	http://www.demcare.eu/results/ontologies	107

Vocabulary for publishing the corpus as Linked Data

The vocabulary used for publishing the corpus as linked data, depicted in Figure 1, models the ontological requirements and their relations with the associated ontologies and LSPs. The proposed vocabulary can be extended with more information related to ontological requirements.

Overview of the Ontology model for ontological requirements.

Figure 1. - Overview of the vocabulary for ontological requirements.

There are four main concepts in this proposed vocabulary, i.e.,ontological requirement, ontology, lexico-syntactic pattern and lexico-syntactic pattern implementation.

An ontological requirement is associated with two main types of elements: (1) ontology, which determines the provenance of the requirement, and (2) the correspondent lexico-syntactic pattern. The ontological requirement concept also includes as properties the competency question and its answer (if exists). Each lexico-syntactic pattern, in turn, is associated with the lexico-syntactic pattern implementation. It also includes as properties the name of the LSP, the identifier, the LSPs formalization and the usage example. The lexico-syntactic pattern implementation concept has as properties the ODPs, the constructs associated to the ODPs, and the expressivity of the implementation. Finally, the ontology concept, which represents the ontology from which the requirement is extracted, has as property its associated URI.

The version of the dictionary of patterns in RDF is available in the following link. The version of the corpus of annotated requirements in RDF is available in the following link.

Dictionary of Lexico-Syntactic Patterns (LSPs)

This dictionary includes LSPs extracted from the state of the art and new LSPs. It is organized according to the possible implementation in the ontology of each of the LSPs. This categorization can be used to identify whether the lexico-syntactic patterns is polysemous:

1 to 1 implementation. One lexico-syntactic pattern corresponds to one possible implementation in the ontology.
1 to N implementation. One lexico-syntactic pattern can result in more than one possible implementation in the ontology.

The symbols and abbreviations used for the definitions of the lexico-syntactic patterns, proposed by Elena Montiel in the context of the NeOn project, are described below. Any additional element appearing in the competency question or sentence but not captured in the LSP is ignored, because it does not provide any information nor affect the semantics of the competency questions or sentences.

Symbols & Abbreviations	Description
CATV	Verbs of Classification. Set of verbs of classification plus the preposition that normally follows them. Some of the most representative verbs in this group are: classify in/into, categorize in/into
CD	Cardinal Number
CN	Class Name. Generic names for semantic roles usually accompanied by preposition. Two main groups have been identified: CN conveying classification (CN-CATV) (class, group, type, subtype, subclass, category, species, family, order, example) and CN conveying mereological relations (CN-PART) (part, set, member, constituent, component, element, piece, item, layer). If not otherwise specified, CN can include generic names such as period, area or phase.
NP<...>	Noun Phrase. It is defined as a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers, and that functions as the subject or object of a verb. NP is followed by the semantic role played by the concept it represents in the conceptual relation in question in < ... >
PARA	Paralinguistic symbols like colon, or more complex structures such as as follows, etc., that introduce a list.
PREP	Prepositions
QUAN	Quantifiers such as all, some, most, many, several, every, etc.
REPRO	Relative pronouns such as that, which, whose.
()	Parentheses group two or more elements.
*	Asterisk indicates repetition.
[]	Elements in brackets are meant to be optional, which means that they can be present either at that stage of the sentence or not. By default of appearance, the semantic of the pattern remains unmodified.
NEG	Negative. Elements preceded by this abbreviation should not appear in the pattern
VB	Verb. They can include the preposition that normally follows them.

SoA lexico-syntactic patterns

The following table shows the set of LSPs described in Elena Montiel's doctoral thesis and in the NeOn project. Each LSP includes the identifier used in the NeOn ODP repository of the ODPs that can be used to implement it. In addition, each LSP includes the associated OWL constructs for implementing it in an ontology, as well as the corresponding DL expressivity. In case of the 1:N implementations LSPs, each row refers to a possible implementation.

1:1 implementation
1:N implementations

ID	NeOn ODP	Description	Formalization of the pattern	Example of usage	OWL constructs	DL Expresivity
LSP-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation ODP	[(NP<subclass>,)* and] NP<subclass> be [CN-CATV] NP<superclass>	An orphan drug is a type of drug / One of the users is the manager	subclassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation ODP	There are QUAN CN-CATV NP<superclass> PARA [(NP<subclass>,)* and] NP<subclass>	There are several kinds of memory: fast, expensive, short term memory and long-term memory	subclassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation ODP	[A(n) \| QUAN] example of \| CN-CATV NP<superclass> be \|include [PARA] [(NP<subclass>,)* and] NP<subclass>	Types of criteria for assessing applications are: quality, safety and efficacy	subclassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation ODP	NP<superclass> be \| CATV [PARA] [(NP<resource1>, )* and \| or ], NP<subclass>	The devices can be classified into categories: FunctionRelated, EneryRelated and BuildingRelated	rdfs:subClassOf Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-MI-EN	LP-MI-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Multiple Inheritance ODP	NP<subclass> [can]be NP<superclass> and NP<superclass>	Amphibians are water-living and land-living animals	subclassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-EQ-EN	LP-EQ-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Equivalence relation between Classes ODP	NP<class> be (also \| likewise) \| know as \|call \| (refer to as) NP<class>	Poison dart frogs are also known as poison-arrow frogs.	equivalentClass, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class> VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class>	Engineering project managers participate in writing specifications, researching, and selecting suppliers and materials	Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, ObjectProperty	ALE
LSP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Datatype Property ODP	Property \| characteristic \| attribute\| features of NP<class> be [PARA] [(NP<property>,)* and] NP<property>	Properties of mammals are hair, sweat glands, milk, and giving live birth	Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, DatatypeProperty	ALE(D)
LSP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Datatype Property ODP	NP<class> be [(AP<property>,)*] and AP<property>	Metals are lustrous, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity.	Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, DatatypeProperty	ALE(D)
LSP-Di-EN	LP-Di-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Disjoint Classes ODP	NP<class> differ \| be different \| be differentiate from NP<class>	Non-opioid agents differ from opioid agents	Class (Thing, Nothing), disjointWith	ALC
LSP-SV-EN	LP-SV-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Specified Values ODP	NP<feature> can \| may be [(AP<value>,)*] or AP<value>	Size may be small, medium, or big	Individual, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-PA-EN	CP-PA-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Participation ODP	NP<object> participate\| take part in\| be involved in (NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Birds build nests	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-PCP-EN	CP-PCP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Co-participation ODP	(NP<object>,)* and NP<object> participate \| (take part) \| (be involved) in [(NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Aldo Gangemi and Valentina Presutti participate in the ISWC 2007 conference	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf, SymmetricProperty	ALEI
LSP-PCP-EN	CP-PCP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Co-participation ODP	NP<object> participate\| (take part)\| (be involved) with in [(NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Action Engine participates with Microsoft at 3GSM World Congress	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf, SymmetricProperty	ALEI
LSP-LO-EN	CP-LO-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to LocationODP	NP<place> be\| has (locate \| find \| set\| situate \| place\| (a site)) in [(NP<location >,)* and] NP<location>	The school is located in Bocas Town	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf	ALE
LSP-OR-EN	CP-OR-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object-Role ODP	NP<object> (be used)\| work\| act\| serve as [(NP<role >,)* and] NP<role>	Gold is used as the reflective layer on some high-end CDs	Class (Thing, Nothing), allValuesFrom, ObjectProperty	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-DC-01 + LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> be [a\| any] NP<superclass> PREP [(NP<class>,)* and\| or NP<class	A vegetarian pizza is a pizza without fish or meat	Class (Thing, Nothing), subclassOf	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-DC-01 + LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> REPRO VB [(NP<class>,)* and\| or NP<class> be [a] NP<superclass>	A workflow that contains at least one business task is a business plan	Class (Thing, Nothing), subclassOf	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-DC-01 + LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> PREP [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class> be VB [a] NP<superclass>	Animal with backbones are called vertebrates	Class (Thing, Nothing), subclassOf	AL
LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN	LP-SC-01 + LP-Di-01 + LP-EC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation, Disjoint Classes, and Exhaustive Classes ODPs	NP<superclass> be\| CATV [either] NP<subclass> or\| and NP<subclass>	Animals are either vertebrates or invertebrates.	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, someValuesOf	ALC
LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN	LP-SC-01 + LP-Di-01 + LP-EC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation, Disjoint Classes, and Exhaustive Classes ODPs	There are CD CN-CATV NP<superclass> [PARA] [(NP<subclass>,)* and] NP<subclass>	There are two types of narcotic analgesics: the opiates and the opioids.	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, someValuesOf, disjointWith	ALC
LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN	LP-SC-01 + LP-Di-01 + LP-EC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation, Disjoint Classes, and Exhaustive Classes ODPs	NP<superclass> CATV CD CN-CATV [PARA] [(NP<subclass>,)*and] NP <subclass>	Membrane proteins are classified into two major categories, integral proteins and peripheral proteins	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, someValuesOf, disjointWith	ALC
LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN	LP-SC-01 + LP-Di-01 + LP-EC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation, Disjoint Classes, and Exhaustive Classes ODPs	NP<superclass> be divided \| separate in \| into CD CN-CATV [PARA] [(NP<subclass >,)* and] NP<subclass>	Marine mammals are divided into three orders: Carnivora, Sirenia and Cetacea.	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, someValuesOf, disjointWith	ALC
LSP-OP-UR-EN	LP-OP-01 + LP-UR-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property and Universal Restriction ODPs	NP<class> VB NEG(be\| have\| CATV\| PART) just \| only \| exclusively NP<class>	Herbivore eat only plants	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, allValuesFrom	AL

ID	NeOn ODP	Description	Formalization of the pattern	Example of usage	OWL constructs	DL Expresivity
LSP-SC-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> include [(NP<class >)* and] NP<class>	Arthropods include insects crustaceans spiders scorpions and centipedes	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-SC-PW-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> be divided \| separate in \| into [CN] [(NP<class >)* and] NP<class>	Seed producing plants are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf	AL
LSP-SC-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> be divided \| separate in \| into [CN] [(NP<class >)* and] NP<class>	Seed producing plants are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms	Class (Thing, Nothing), subClassOf, someValuesOf, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ""or"" Datatype Property ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> have NP<class>	Birds have feathers	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ""or"" Datatype Property ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> have NP<class>	Birds have feathers	Class (Thing, Nothing), DatatypeProperty, someValuesOf	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ""or"" Datatype Property ""or"" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<class> have NP<class>	Birds have feathers	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf, inverseof	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	[(NP<part>)* and] NP<part> PART NP<whole>	Proteins form part of the cell membrane	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CONS-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	[(NP<part>)* and] NP<part> PART NP<whole>	Proteins form part of the cell membrane	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-COM-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	[(NP<part>)* and] NP<part> PART NP<whole>	Proteins form part of the cell membrane	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CE-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	[(NP<part>)* and] NP<part> PART NP<whole>	Proteins form part of the cell membrane	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> PART [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	Most clays consist of flat particles	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CONS-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> PART [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	Most clays consist of flat particles	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-COM-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs&	NP<whole> PART [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	Most clays consist of flat particles	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CE-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> PART [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	Most clays consist of flat particles	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	CN-PART NP<whole> be [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	The parts of a tree are the root trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty,inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CONS-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	CN-PART NP<whole> be [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	The parts of a tree are the root trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty,inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-COM-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	CN-PART NP<whole> be [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	The parts of a tree are the root trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty,inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CE-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	CN-PART NP<whole> be [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part>	The parts of a tree are the root trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty,inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> include\| (be divide in\| into)\| (be separate in\| into)CD CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part	The cerebrum is divided into two major parts: the right cerebral hemisphere and left cerebral hemisphere	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CONS-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> include\| (be divide in\| into)\| (be separate in\| into)CD CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part	The cerebrum is divided into two major parts: the right cerebral hemisphere and left cerebral hemisphere	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-COM-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> include\| (be divide in\| into)\| (be separate in\| into)CD CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part	The cerebrum is divided into two major parts: the right cerebral hemisphere and left cerebral hemisphere	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CE-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation ""or"" Constituency ""or"" Componency ""or"" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> include\| (be divide in\| into)\| (be separate in\| into)CD CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>)* and] NP<part	The cerebrum is divided into two major parts: the right cerebral hemisphere and left cerebral hemisphere	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI

Extended lexico-syntactic patterns

The following table shows the set of extended lexico-syntactic patterns proposed in this work. Each LSP includes the identifier used in the NeOn ODP repository of the ODPs that can be used to implement it (if exists). In addition, each LSP includes the associated OWL constructs for implementing it in an ontology, as well as the corresponding DL expressivity. In case of the 1:N implementations LSPs, each row refers to a possible implementation.

1:1 implementation
1:N implementations

ID	Name	Formalization of the pattern	Example of usage	OWL constructs	DL Expresivity
LSP-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to SubclassOf relation ODP	NP<superclass> be \| CATV [PARA] [(NP<resource1>, )* and \| or ], NP<subclass>	The devices can be classified into categories: FunctionRelated, EneryRelated and BuildingRelated	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class> VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class>	Engineering project managers participate in writing specifications, researching, and selecting suppliers and materials	Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, ObjectProperty	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class> [ (VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class>,)* and \| or ] VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class>	A smoke sensor performs a sensing and event function //Each interaction pattern can be readable or writable through an endpoint	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	VB [(NP<class>,)* and \| or ] NP<class> [ADV] PREP [(NP<class>,)* and \| or ] NP<class>	It should be possible to define the target of a constraint inside a Permission, Prohibition or Duty/Being able to tie Permission, Prohibition, Duty, and Constraint entities together with an AND, OR or XOR relationship	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	[(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class> VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class>	A zone and an adjacent zone share an interface	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	List NP<class1> PREP NP<class2>	List all games of a certain Genre	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Where \| (How [many]) can \| do PRON VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class1>?	Where can I get R software?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Where \| (How [many]) can \| do PRON VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class1> PREP NP<class2>?	Where do I get updates for MUSCLE?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Where \| (How [many]) can \| do PRON VB NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class1> PREP NP<class2> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) ?	How can I get problems with multiscan fixed?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	[ADV] Which \| What \| How \| How many \| Do \| (Be there) [a\| any \| be] NP<class1> VB [PREP] NP<class2> ?	What items exist in a game?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	What \| Which is the relation between NP<class1> and [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class2>?	What is the relation between organization and devices?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	What be NP<class1> AP<property> NP<class2>?	What are the games similar to this one?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	[ADV] Do NP<class1> PREP NP<class2> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) ?	At what point did the license type of SpikeLI change?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	In what NP<class> be NP<class2> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) ?	In what language was Ringo implemented?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	[Through ] What \| Which \| How many NP<class1> does NP<class2> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART)?	Which properties does a people counting observe?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	(Be there) \| (What \| How [many] [be]) NP<class1> [PREP] NP<class2> REPRO NP<class3> VB ?	Are there any modification to the clustering algorithm that Weka uses?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Who be NP<class1> PREP NP<class2>?	Who is the owner of a given device?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Who do NP<class> VB ?	Who does the player play with?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Who be NP<class1> PRON VB NP<class2>?	Who are the friends that play other games as well with this player?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	When is NP<class1> PREP NP<class2> AP<property>?	When was the 1.0 version of MUSCLE released?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Do PRON VB1 NP<class1> VB2 NP<class2>?	Do I need a license key to use Ringo?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) [QUAN] NP<class2> PREP NP<class3>	An operation may produce output data into output data points	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be \| have \| CATV \| PART) NP<class2> [REPRO] VB2 NP<class3>	A service shall specify the device that is offering the service	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB1 NP<class> PREP NP<class2> VB2	An Assertion policy reflects policy terms that a party believes to have.	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	VB1 NP<class1> by VB2 NP<class2>	Extend the temporal constraints by setting a time reference, any period in the rightOperand refers to this point in time.	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> VB2 NP<class3> PREP REPRO NP<class4> VB3 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART)	A function represents the functionality necessary toaccomplish the task for which a device is designed	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Do PRON VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class1> REPRO VB2 NP<class2>?	Do I know anyone who has used PUMA or processed DXF?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	What NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> REPRO [(VB2 NP<class3>,)* or]?	What kind of games are owned by players that have certain achievement?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Can NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> REPRO VB2 NP<class2> PREP NP<class3>?	Can Dropbox work with data that are output from vsn?	ObjectProperty Class (Thing, Nothing) someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Can PRON VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> [(PREP NP<class>)*] PREP NP<class3> ?	Can I install Rgraphviz on a university computer? // Can I use some components of ppiStats for my software?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	(What be) \| Can NP<class1> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> PREP NP<class3> [(PREP NP<class>)*]?	Can Eclipse export from its proprietary data format to an open format such as csv, txt? //What are the most common genres played by players with a certain character class in a game?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Which [be] NP<class1> PREP NP<class2> [REPRO] VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class3>?	What are the games where a player can use this item?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	If NP<class> VB NP<class> PREP NP<class>, how VB NP<class>?	If a player is given free item in the game, how likely are they to make an in?app purchase?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property	How do PRON VB NP<resource>?	How do I cite SPSS?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	ADV VB NP<class> PREP NP<class>, how manu NP<class> VB PRON?	After gaining an item in the game, how many players use it?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property ODP	Where do NP<class1> VB1 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) REPRO VB2 NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2>?	Where do the players live who have not made any in?-app purchases?	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Datatype Property ODP	NP<class1> have [CD] attributes [PARA] [(NP<feature>,)* and] NP<feature>	Each endpoints has minimun two attributes: URI and mediatype	DatatypeProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Datatype Property ODP	How AP<feature> be NP<class1>?	How reliable is Kakadu?	DatatypeProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Datatype Property ODP	Be NP<class1> [PREP] AP<feature>?	Is ppiStats scriptable?	DatatypeProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-Di-EN	LP-Di-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Disjoint Classes ODP	NP<class> differ \| be different \| be differentiate from NP<class>	Non-opioid agents differ from opioid agents	Class (Thing, Nothing), disjointWith	ALC
LSP-SV-EN	LP-SV-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Specified Values ODP	NP<feature> can \| may be [(AP<value>,)*] or AP<value>	Size may be small, medium, or big	Individual, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-PA-EN	CP-PA-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Participation ODP	NP<object> participate\| take part in\| be involved in (NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Birds build nests	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-PCP-EN	CP-PCP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Co-participation ODP	(NP<object>,)* and NP<object> participate \| (take part) \| (be involved) in [(NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Aldo Gangemi and Valentina Presutti participate in the ISWC 2007 conference	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf, SymmetricProperty	ALEI
LSP-PCP-EN	CP-PCP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Co-participation ODP	NP<object> participate\| (take part)\| (be involved) with in [(NP<event>,)* and] NP<event>	Action Engine participates with Microsoft at 3GSM World Congress	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesOf, SymmetricProperty	ALEI
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	What \| Who \| Which be NP<class> ?	What is a servient?	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	Be there [a \| any] NP<class>?	Is there a community development?	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	Which NP<class> be there?	Which devices are there?	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	Which NP<class> can PRON see?	Which devices can I see?	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	Express NP<class>	Express complex constraints such as 'No use in UK after 7 days'.	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	Be able \| possible to define NP<class>	Being able to define a 'unit-of-count' for duty actions	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-CD-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Class Definition	There be NP<class>	There are building elements	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-OP-Min-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to ObjectProperty Minimum Cardinality related to a Datatype Property or Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB NEG(have) (at least CD) \| (minimum CD) \| (more than CD) \| (CD NEG(zero) or more) NP<class2>	A device performs one or more functions	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, minCardinality	ALQ
LSP-OP-Max-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to ObjectProperty Maximum Cardinality related to a Datatype Property or Object Property	NP<class1> VB NEG(have) (at most) \| maximum CD NP<class2>	An access mapping can be applied at most to one endpoint	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, maxCardinality	ALQ
LSP-SYM-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Symmetry	A NP<property> VB between N<class>	A partnership is established between organizations	SymmetricProperty, ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing)	ALI
LSP-U-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Union	NP<class1> VB NP<class2> or [(NP<class>,)* or ] PRON [VB NEG(be)] NP<class3>	A mapping can transform keys to object properties or datatype properties.	unionOf, ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing)	ALU
LSP-INTER-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Intersection	NP<class1> VB NP<class2> REPRO VB NP<class3>	An endpoint can be relative to an endpoint that must not be relative.	ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing), intersectionOf	ALE
LSP-LO-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to LocationODP	Where be NP<class> VB?	Where is something located?	rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-COMPL-EN		Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to complementOf	Which be NP<class> REPRO VB not NP<class>?	Which are the heliport that are not under state control?	Class, ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom , complementOf	ALC
LSP-COMPL-EN		Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to complementOf	Which be NP<class> REPRO do not VB PREP NP<class>?	Which are the heliport that do not belong to the trans-European transport network?	Class, ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom , complementOf	ALC
LSP-COMPL-EN		Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to complementOf	NP<class> can be AP<feature> NP<class> PRON must not be AP<feature>	An endpoint can be relative to an endpoint that must not be relative	Class, ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom , complementOf	ALC

ID	Name	Pattern	Example	OWL constructs	DL Expresivity
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> be [a\| any] NP<superclass> REPRO VB [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class>	A device is any machine or component that attaches to a computer	Class (Thing, Nothing), subclassOf	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-DC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> be [a\| any] NP<superclass> REPRO VB [(NP<class>,)* and] NP<class>	A device is any machine or component that attaches to a computer	Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> REPRO VB [(NP<class>,)* and\| or NP<class> be [a] NP<superclass>	A workflow that contains at least one business task is a business plan	Class (Thing, Nothing), subclassOf	AL
LSP-DC-SC-EN	LP-DC-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Defined Classes and SubclassOf relation ODPs	[A\| any] NP<subclass> REPRO VB [(NP<class>,)* and\| or NP<class> be [a] NP<superclass>	A workflow that contains at least one business task is a business plan	Class (Thing, Nothing),	AL
LSP-Min-OP-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Maximum Cardinality and Object Property ODP	NP<class1> VB CD or more NP<class2> PREP VB NP<class3>	A device performs one or more functionalities in order to accomplish a particular task	someValuesFrom, maxCardinality, ObjectProperty, Class (Thing, Nothing)	ALEQ
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation "or" Constituency "or" Componency "or" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> be PART [CD] CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>,)* and] NP<part>	A state machine workflow is made up of a set of states, transitions, and actions	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CONS-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation "or" Constituency "or" Componency "or" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> be PART [CD] CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>,)* and] NP<part>	A state machine workflow is made up of a set of states, transitions, and actions	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-COM-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation "or" Constituency "or" Componency "or" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> be PART [CD] CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>,)* and] NP<part>	A state machine workflow is made up of a set of states, transitions, and actions	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN	CP-CE-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Simple Part-Whole relation "or" Constituency "or" Componency "or" Collection-Entity ODPs	NP<whole> be PART [CD] CN-PART [PARA] [(NP<part>,)* and] NP<part>	A state machine workflow is made up of a set of states, transitions, and actions	Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, inverseOf, someValuesOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>, )* and \| or] NP<resource2>	Each interaction pattern has a name and a Web Resource address	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>, )* and \| or] NP<resource2>	Each interaction pattern has a name and a Web Resource address	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>, )* and \| or] NP<resource2>	Each interaction pattern has a name and a Web Resource address	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing)	AL
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> VB NP<resource> shoud specified	In addition to the existing identifiers of a policy means for expressing a version of this policy should specified.	ObjectProperty,rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> VB NP<resource> shoud specified	In addition to the existing identifiers of a policy means for expressing a version of this policy should specified.	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> VB NP<resource> shoud specified	In addition to the existing identifiers of a policy means for expressing a version of this policy should specified.	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which properties have NP<class1>?	Which properties has a shading device?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which properties have NP<class1>?	Which properties has a shading device?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which properties have NP<class1>?	Which properties has a shading device?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which \| Can \| Do [be] NP<resource> [REPRO] have [( NP<resource>,)* and] NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which \| Can \| Do [be] NP<resource> [REPRO] have [( NP<resource>,)* and] NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which \| Can \| Do [be] NP<resource> [REPRO] have [( NP<resource>,)* and] NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which be NP<resource> PRON have NP<resource>?	What is the set of datatypes that have a datatype quality X?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which be NP<resource> PRON have NP<resource>?	What is the set of datatypes that have a datatype quality X?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which be NP<resource> PRON have NP<resource>?	What is the set of datatypes that have a datatype quality X?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Where [be] NP<resource> [PREP] NP<resource> have \| be [there]?	What achievements does a game have?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Where [be] NP<resource> [PREP] NP<resource> have \| be [there]?	What achievements does a game have?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Where [be] NP<resource> [PREP] NP<resource> have \| be [there]?	What achievements does a game have?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How long NP<resource> have PREP?	How long has Jaguar been around?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How long NP<resource> have PREP?	How long has Jaguar been around?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How long NP<resource> have PREP?	How long has Jaguar been around?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which attribute [can] have NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which attribute [can] have NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	What \| Which attribute [can] have NP<resource>?	Which attributes can have a device?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>,)* and \| or] NP<resource2> PREP NP<resource3>	All organizations have the same roles in a partnership	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>,)* and \| or] NP<resource2> PREP NP<resource3>	All organizations have the same roles in a partnership	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource1> have [(NP<resource>,)* and \| or] NP<resource2> PREP NP<resource3>	All organizations have the same roles in a partnership	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> NP<resource> provide NP<resource>	For a relativeTimePeriod constraint the rightOperand has to provide a time period as value.	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> NP<resource> provide NP<resource>	For a relativeTimePeriod constraint the rightOperand has to provide a time period as value.	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	NP<resource> NP<resource> provide NP<resource>	For a relativeTimePeriod constraint the rightOperand has to provide a time period as value.	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	(What be) \| How [many] NP<resource> have NP<resource> [(PREP NP<resource>)*] PREP NP<resource>?	What consumable items does a player have in game?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	(What be) \| How [many] NP<resource> have NP<resource> [(PREP NP<resource>)*] PREP NP<resource>?	What consumable items does a player have in game?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	(What be) \| How [many] NP<resource> have NP<resource> [(PREP NP<resource>)*] PREP NP<resource>?	What consumable items does a player have in game?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	In how many NP<resource> do NP<resource> have NP<resource>?	In how many games does the player have all the achievements?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	In how many NP<resource> do NP<resource> have NP<resource>?	In how many games does the player have all the achievements?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	In how many NP<resource> do NP<resource> have NP<resource>?	In how many games does the player have all the achievements?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How NP<resource> have NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	How big percentage of players have a certain item in the game?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How NP<resource> have NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	How big percentage of players have a certain item in the game?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	How NP<resource> have NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	How big percentage of players have a certain item in the game?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	CP-PW-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	Which [(NP<resource>,)* and] PREP NP<resource> have NP<resource> COMP?	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom, inverseOf	ALEI
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Instance or Subclass	Examples of NP<class1> is \| are [PARA] [(NP<resource1>, and)*]NP<resource2>	Examples of properties are temperature, energy or smoke	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Instance or Subclass	Examples of NP<class1> is \| are [PARA] [(NP<resource1>, and)*]NP<resource2>	Examples of properties are temperature, energy or smoke	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	[(NP<resource1>,)* and] NP<resource2> is \| are examples of NP<class>	Water or gas are examples of commodities	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	[(NP<resource1>,)* and] NP<resource2> is \| are examples of NP<class>	Water or gas are examples of commodities	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type of NP<class> is <instance>?	What type of software is vsn?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type of NP<class> is <instance>?	What type of software is vsn?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type is NP<class> of?	What type is the item of?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type is NP<class> of?	What type is the item of?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Is NP<resource1> NP<class>?	Is the output format of Spotfire proprietary?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Is NP<resource1> NP<class>?	Is the output format of Spotfire proprietary?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Which be NP<class> REPRO be NP<class>?	Which are the FFCC stations that are stopping places	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Which be NP<class> REPRO be NP<class>?	Which are the FFCC stations that are stopping places	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What are the [possible] types of NP<resource1> [PREP NP<resource2>]?	What are the types of achievements in this game?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What are the [possible] types of NP<resource1> [PREP NP<resource2>]?	What are the types of achievements in this game?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type of NP<class> are collected?	What types of autonomy assessment data are collected?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What type of NP<class> are collected?	What types of autonomy assessment data are collected?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What are the types of NP<resource1> NP<resource2> have?	What are the types of achievements a game can have?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Is NP<resource1> available as a NP<resource2>?	Is Weka available as a web service?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	Is NP<resource1> available as a NP<resource2>?	Is Weka available as a web service?	Individual	AL
LSP-INST-SC-EN	LP-SC-01	Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass definition	What are the types of NP<resource1> NP<resource2> have?	What are the types of achievements a game can have?	Class (Thing, Nothing),rdfs:subClassOf	AL
LSP-INT-SC-OP-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass and Object property ODPs	NP<class1> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> REPRO be a type of NP<class3>	The price is also characterized by a value using currency, which is a type of unit of measure	rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-INT-SC-OP-EN		Lexico Syntactic Pattern corresponding to Instance or Subclass and Object property ODPs	NP<class1> VB NEG(be / have / CATV / PART) NP<class2> REPRO be a type of NP<class3>	The price is also characterized by a value using currency, which is a type of unit of measure	Individual, Class (Thing, Nothing), ObjectProperty, someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property "or" Simple Part-Whole relation ODPs	It should be possible to define NP<resource> PREP NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>	It should be possible to define the price for duty/duties of payment for all permissions of a policy in a global way	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	It should be possible to define NP<resource> PREP NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>	It should be possible to define the price for duty/duties of payment for all permissions of a policy in a global way	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Which NP<resource> be there PREP NP<resource>?	Which visualisation software is there for TSV?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Which NP<resource> be there PREP NP<resource>?	Which visualisation software is there for TSV?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Be NP<resource> AP<feature> PREP NP<resource>?	Is Ringo appropriate software for data annotation?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Be NP<resource> AP<feature> PREP NP<resource>?	Is Ringo appropriate software for data annotation?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Be NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	Is there a publication with rama?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Be NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	Is there a publication with rama?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	What be NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	What is the licensing history of SLGI?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	What be NP<resource> PREP NP<resource>?	What is the licensing history of SLGI?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Can \| Do \| CN PRON VB NP<resource> ?	Can I render gif if the software supplier goes out of business?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	Can \| Do \| CN PRON VB NP<resource> ?	Can I render gif if the software supplier goes out of business?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-OP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	[What \| Which \| Where ] be there [(NP<resource1>, )* and] NP<resource1> [(PREP NP<resource1>, and)*] PREP NP<resource2> ?	Which are the geometries and maximum levels of the Curvas de Nivel Maestra of bathymetric type?	ObjectProperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE
LSP-OP-DP-EN	LP-DP-01	Lexico Syntactic ODPs corresponding to Object Property "or" Datatype Property	[What \| Which \| Where ] be there [(NP<resource1>, )* and] NP<resource1> [(PREP NP<resource1>, and)*] PREP NP<resource2> ?	Which are the geometries and maximum levels of the Curvas de Nivel Maestra of bathymetric type?	Datatypeproperty, rdfs:subClassOf, Class (Thing, Nothing), someValuesFrom	ALE(D)

Corpus of annotated ontological requirements

Here are the corpus of 834 functional ontological requirements annotated with LSPs and grouped according to the ontologies they belong to. These requirements can be written in the form of natural language questions (with the corresponding answer) or as sentences.

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Core ontology	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/core/index-en.html
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
core-1	What is an IoT device?		LSP-CD-EN
core-2	What is a partnership?		LSP-CD-EN
core-3	What attributes has a partnership?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-4	Which are the relationships a partnership is involved in ?		LSP-OP-EN
core-5	How many organizations can have a partnership?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-6	What is the relation between organization and devices?		LSP-OP-EN
core-7	What is an IoT infrastructre?		LSP-CD-EN
core-8	Who is the owner of a given device?		LSP-OP-A-EN
core-9	A device has a unique identifier		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-10	Which attributes can have a device?	A name, an avatar, group membership, etc.	LSP-DP-EN
core-11	What is a device profile?		LSP-CD-EN
core-12	A device can have a status		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-13	A device can have a location		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-14	Which are the social relationships a device can be involved in?	ownership	LSP-OP-EN
core-15	Which roles are involved in a ownership relationship?	devices, services and agents	LSP-OP-EN
core-16	Which roles are involved in a partnership relationship?	organizations	LSP-OP-EN
core-17	What is a user?		LSP-CD-EN
core-18	Who is a service provider?		LSP-OP-A-EN
core-19	What are the parameters that has a service?	owner, avatar, description, name	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-20	What is a service logical name?		LSP-CD-EN
core-21	Which devices are there?		LSP-CD-EN
core-22	What are the devices of a given agent or organization?		LSP-OP-EN
core-23	Which devices can I see?		LSP-CD-EN
core-24	Which services can I see?		LSP-CD-EN
core-25	What are the devices of a specific partner?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
core-26	What are the services of a specific partner?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
core-27	Which is the profile of a given device?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
core-28	A device profile indicates the device name		LSP-OP-EN
core-29	A device profile indicates the device avatar		LSP-OP-EN
core-30	A device profile indicates the type of device, e.g: sensor or actuator		LSP-OP-EN
core-31	A device profile indicates the device vendor		LSP-OP-EN
core-32	A device profile indicates the device serial number		LSP-OP-EN
core-33	A service profile indicates the service name		LSP-OP-EN
core-34	A service profile indicates the service avatar		LSP-OP-EN
core-35	A service profile indicates the service owner		LSP-OP-EN
core-36	A service profile indicates the service provider		LSP-OP-EN
core-37	A service profile indicates the service description (in text)		LSP-OP-EN
core-38	A service profile indicates the service type		LSP-OP-EN
core-39	A partnership is established between organizations		LSP-SYM-EN
core-40	A partnership is established between only 2 organizations		LSP-SYM-EN
core-41	A neighbourhood is the group of partnerships you have		LSP-DC-SC-EN
core-42	An organization has users		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-43	One of the users of an organization is the manager		LSP-DC-SC-EN
core-44	Users has to belong to one organization		LSP-OP-Exact-EN
core-45	All organizations have the same roles in a partnership		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-46	Users can have different roles in the organization		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-47	user can create a group of services/devices		LSP-OP-EN
core-48	The security can be set up at a group level		LSP-OP-EN
core-49	Authorization can be set up at the level of properties/actions		LSP-OP-EN
core-50	What is a building?		LSP-CD-EN
core-51	Where is something located?		LSP-LO-EN
core-52	Which devices measure temperature?		LSP-CD-EN
core-53	Which devices measure CO2?		LSP-OP-EN
core-54	Which devices measure noise?		LSP-OP-EN
core-55	Which devices measure humidity?		LSP-OP-EN
core-56	The IoT;User can be human (human user) or non;human (digital user)		LSP-SC-EN
core-57	Digital user consumes services		LSP-OP-EN
core-58	A human user interacts using applications		LSP-OP-EN
core-59	An application is a specialized form of service		LSP-SC-EN
core-60	An Entity can be physical or virtual		LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN
core-61	A physical entity is controlled by an actuator		LSP-OP-EN
core-62	A physical entity is monitored by a sensor		LSP-OP-EN
core-63	A physical entity may have one or more attached tag		LSP-OP-Min-EN
core-64	A virtual entity represents a physical entity		LSP-OP-EN
core-65	Actuators and sensors are kinds of IoT device		LSP-SC-EN
core-66	IoT devices interact through a network		LSP-OP-EN
core-67	IoT devices are connected with an IoT gateway		LSP-OP-EN
core-68	Data Stores hold data relating to IoT systems		LSP-OP-EN
core-69	An entity has an identifier		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-70	An entity can have more than one identifier		LSP-OP-Min-EN
core-71	A network connects endpoints		LSP-OP-EN
core-72	A service exposes one or more endpoints by which it can be invoked		LSP-OP-Min-EN
core-73	An IoT gateway is a digital entity		LSP-SC-EN
core-74	IoT gateways interact through networks		LSP-OP-EN
core-75	IoT gateways expose endpoints		LSP-OP-EN
core-76	IoT gateways connect IoT devices		LSP-OP-EN
core-77	IoT gateways use data stores		LSP-OP-EN
core-78	IoT device interacts with one or more networks		LSP-OP-Min-EN
core-79	IoT device exposes one or more endpoints		LSP-OP-Min-EN
core-80	A service interacts with other entities via one or more networks		LSP-Min-and-OP-EN
core-81	A service interacts with zero or more IoT gateways		LSP-OP-EN
core-82	A service interacts with zero or more IoT devices		LSP-OP-EN
core-83	A service can interact with other services		LSP-OP-EN
core-84	A service can use data stores		LSP-OP-EN
core-85	A virtual entity interacts through an endpoint		LSP-OP-EN
core-86	Everything in an IoT system is a kind of entity		LSP-SC-EN
core-87	Data associated with services, devices and gateways can be held in data stores		LSP-OP-EN
core-88	Human users uses applications		LSP-OP-EN
core-89	An application typically uses Services		LSP-OP-EN
core-90	Sensors can monitor the tag attached to a physical entity rather than the physical entity itself		LSP-OP-EN
core-91	What is a thing description?		LSP-CD-EN
core-92	Each thing is described by WoT Thing Descriptions.		LSP-OP-EN
core-93	An endpoint can be relative to an endpoint that must not be relative.		LSP-INTER-EN
core-94	Which devices are located at a CERTH lab?		LSP-OP-EN
core-95	Which properties does a people counting observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-96	Which properties does a humidity sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-97	Which properties does a light switch observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-98	Which properties does a motion sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-99	Which properties does a thermometer observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-100	Which properties does a CO2 sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-101	Which properties does a HVAC sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-102	Which devices are located at a Oslo SciencePark?		LSP-OP-EN
core-103	Which devices are located at UNIKL?		LSP-OP-EN
core-104	Which properties does an e;bike charger observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-105	Which properties does a light bulb observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-106	Which properties does a door sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-107	Which properties does a window sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-108	Which properties does a thermostat observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-109	Service thing description should be inline with Device thing description.		LSP-OP-EN
core-110	Service thing description should be inline with WoT thing description.		LSP-OP-EN
core-111	Service thing description should define the concepts that service produces and provides to end user.		LSP-OP-EN
core-112	Service thing description should define the interaction patterns how to interact with products of added value service.		LSP-OP-EN
core-113	Service thing description should includeits version.		LSP-OP-EN
core-114	Service thing description should define required inputs for the products and supported interaction patterns.		LSP-OP-EN
core-115	Which devices are located at a CERTH lab?		LSP-OP-EN
core-116	Which properties does a weight scale observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-117	Which properties does a weight scale affect?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-118	Which properties from a weight scale are observed in events?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-119	Which properties does a blood pressure monitor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-120	Which properties does a blood pressure monitor affect?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-121	Which properties from a blood pressure monitor are observed in events?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-122	Which properties does an activity tracker observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-123	Which properties does an activity tracker affect?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-124	Which properties from an activity trackerare observed in events?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-125	Which properties from a panic button observed in events?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
core-126	Which properties does a motion sensor observe?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
WoT VICINITY	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/wot/index-en.html
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
wot-1	What is a thing in the web thing context?	The abstract concept of a physical entity that can either be a real-world artieact, such as a device, or a virtual entity that represents physicality, such as a room or group of devices	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-SC-EN
wot-2	What is a servient?	The addressable application endpoint of a Thing that makes it interactive by providing a WoT Interface and means to execute application logic	LSP-CD-EN
wot-3	What is a repository?	A registry for Thing Descriptions that provides a Web interface to register Thing Descriptions and look them up, for intance using SPARQL queries	LSP-CD-EN
wot-4	Things in the WoT architecture are represented by servients,		LSP-OP-EN
wot-5	Servient can represent virtual things as well.		LSP-OP-EN
wot-6	Servients are hosted anywhere, a smartphone, local gateway, or the cloud.		LSP-OP-EN
wot-7	Servient communicate to each other through a WoT interface		LSP-OP-EN
wot-8	Servient can have cliente or server roles or both.		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-9	Thing Descriptions can be registered in Td repositories.		LSP-OP-EN
wot-10	What is a property?	A property provides readable and/or writeable data that can be static (e.g., supported mode, rated output voltage, etc.) or dynamic (e.g., current fill level of water, minimum recorded temperature, etc.). (From wg documentation)	LSP-CD-EN
wot-11	What is an action?	The Action interaction pattern targets changes or processes on a Thing that take a certain time to complete (i.e., actions cannot be applied instantaneously like property writes).	LSP-CD-EN
wot-12	What is an event?	The Event interaction pattern enables a mechanism to be notified by a Thing on a certain condition.	LSP-CD-EN
wot-13	A thing interaction can be available over different or multiple protocols		LSP-OP-EN
wot-14	What is a protocol?	Any web protocol that is supported by WoT interfaces.	LSP-CD-EN
wot-15	Each thing has at least an interaction pattern		LSP-OP-Min-EN
wot-16	An interaction pattern can have different endpoints		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-17	Each interaction pattern has its own attributes		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-18	Each interaction pattern has an endpoint		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-19	Each endpoints has minimun two attributes: URI and mediatype		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-20	Security is associated with things		LSP-OP-EN
wot-21	An endpoint can be associated with a thing without determine the interaction patterns		LSP-OP-EN
wot-22	Each interaction pattern has a name and a Web Resource address		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-23	An interaction has a type and attributes		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
wot-24	Each interaction pattern can be readable or writable through an endpoint		LSP-DP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
WoT-mappings ontology	http://iot.linkeddata.es/def/wot-mappings/index-en.html
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
map-1	A TED describes one or more web thing		LSP-OP-Min-EN
map-2	A TED refers to a service accesible in an URI		LSP-OP-EN
map-3	A Thing ecosystem describes relations between TEDs		LSP-SYM-EN
map-4	A thing description can have access mappings defined		LSP-OP-EN
map-5	An access mapping defines the transformation to be carried out for a specific key		LSP-OP-EN
map-6	An access mapping can have many mappings defined		LSP-OP-EN
map-7	A mapping can transform keys to object properties or datatype properties.		LSP-U-EN
map-8	An object property mapping transforms keys to object properties		LSP-OP-EN
map-9	A datatype property mapping transforms keys to datatype properties		LSP-OP-EN
map-10	An object property mapping can have many target classes to be the type of the generated instances		LSP-OP-EN
map-11	A datatype property mapping can have many target (consistent) datatypes to be the datatype of the generated values		LSP-OP-EN
map-12	An object property mapping generate instances transforming values following the mappings defined in a another thing description.		LSP-OP-EN
map-13	A mapping might be needed to be executed befor another mapping		LSP-OP-EN
map-14	A mapping has a JSON path		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
map-15	An access mapping can be applied at most to one endpoint		LSP-OP-Max-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
OntoDT ontology	http://www.ontodm.com/doku.php?id=ontodt
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
ontodt-1	What is the set of characterizing operations for a datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-2	What is the set of datatype qualities for a datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-3	What is the value space for a datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-4	What is the set of datatypes that have a datatype quality X?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
ontodt-5	What is the set of datatypes that have a characterizing operation X?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
ontodt-6	What is the set of datatypes that have a datatype quality X and characterizing operation Y?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
ontodt-7	What are the aggregated datatypes that have an aggregate generator property X?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
ontodt-8	What is the set of aggregate properties for an aggregate datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-9	What are the field components for a tuple datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-10	What is the base datatype for a set/bag/sequence datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-11	What is the base datatype for an extended datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-12	What is the subtype generator for an extended datatype X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
ontodt-13	What is the set of extended datatypes that have datatype X as their base datatype?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
ontodt-14	What is the set of extended datatypes that are generated by a subtype generator X?		LSP-OP-DP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Dem@care ontology	http://www.demcare.eu
Competency question / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-syntactic pattern
What is the username of the player?	Japskua, TheGuy47	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
Who are the friends of the player?	Ivanhoe444, Super1337	LSP-OP-EN
Who are the friends that play other games as well with this player?	Japskua, C00LDud3	LSP-OP-EN
Who are the most active players in the game?	Michael98, Justin Bieber	LSP-OP-EN
What are the achievements of my friends?	Cool Guy,Mr. Guru	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
Who does the player play with?	Nobody, ArnoldTheHunkz	LSP-OP-EN
What are the achievements your friend has received?	Guru, Kill’Em’All	LSP-OP-EN
What achievements does a game have?	Unlock me!, You Rock	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
How many hours has this game been played in total?	50 000 hours	LSP-OP-EN
What are the types of achievements in this game?	Skillbased, Veteran, Luck	INST-SC-EN
What are the types of achievements a game can have?	Skillbased, Veteran, Luck	INST-SC-EN
What is the genre of the game?	RPG, Adventure, Puzzle	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What items exist in a game?	Magical Staff, Ferrari	LSP-OP-EN
Who is the creator of the game?	Electronic Arts, Janne Parkkila	LSP-OP-EN
What is the release date of the game?	38486	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What are the games similar to this one?	Hitman 1, Hitman 2, MassEffect 2	LSP-OP-EN
List all games of a certain Genre?	NHL12, Fifa13, NBA10	LSP-OP-EN
What type is the item of?	Consumable Equipable	INST-SC-EN
What abilities does an item have?	Magic, Equipable, Damagedealing	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
9. What is the fastest car in the game?	Ferrari, Audi A8	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
How much damage does a weapon deal?	57, A lot	LSP-OP-EN
Who has the best kill count in the game?	Gamer47	LSP-OP-EN
Who are the top 3 players in the game?	1. Gamer47 2. MeMee 3. MrUber	LSP-OP-EN
What games has the player played?	“World of Warcraft”, “Final Fantasy VII”, “Clash ofClans”	LSP-OP-EN
What items does the player have?	“Sword of Steel”, “Magic Potion”, “Mage’s Hat”	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What achievements of a certain type does the player have?	“Speedy Runner”, “Jumping Hero”, “Rolling Master”	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What kind of games are owned by players that have certain achievement?	NHL12, WoW, Space Invaders	LSP-OP-EN
What is the last game a player has played?	Hitman 2	LSP-OP-EN
How big percentage of players have a certain item in the game?	23%, 87%	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What are the most common genres played by players with a certain character class in a game?	RPG, Sports, Simulators	LSP-OP-EN
What is the preferred weapon of players with a certain character class?	Shuriken, Buster Sword, AK47	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What type of weapon are players using who win mostly in the game?	Ak47, Longsword, Crossbow	LSP-OP-EN
When was the last time a certain player played this game?	36392	LSP-OP-EN
In how many games does the player have all the achievements?	2, 0, 67	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What is the favorite map of the player in the game?	de_dust, cs_italy	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What is the most played map in a game?	RunRun	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What is the difficulty level the player uses in certain game genres?	Easy	LSP-OP-EN
How many times have I killed someone in a game?	4	LSP-OP-EN
How many goals did I score in FIFA 15?	0	LSP-OP-EN
What is the most common level in the game where players stop playing?	Level 4, Level 7, Le Mans track	LSP-OP-EN
How big percentage of players have made a certain decision in the game?	24%, 6%	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
How big percentage of players skip the cutscenes?	0,99	LSP-OP-EN
How many players mute the game music?	100%, 50 000	LSP-OP-EN
After gaining an item in the game, how many players use it?	100, 5, None	LSP-OP-EN
How many times players have died in a level?	50, 600 000	LSP-OP-EN
How big percentage of players use the item in question in other linked games?	2%, 55%	LSP-OP-EN
How many players have moved from game to another when they have seen a linkedcommercial?	40 000, 100 million	LSP-OP-EN
What is the first action done by the player after an event?	Save game, Drink healthpotion, Change equipment	LSP-OP-EN
What is the location in map where the players die the most?	X:47, Y:58, Z:60 [levelcoordinates]	LSP-OP-EN
What equipment does a player have in a game?	Sword of Zelda, Dagger of Ice	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What consumable items does a player have in game?	Health Potion, Potion of Mana,Cookie	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What is the most used item in the game?	Baseball bat	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
What are the games where a player can use this item?	Sam & Max, Space Quest	LSP-OP-EN
How many players have made inapp purchases?	5 000, 8%	LSP-OP-EN
How many players who have already spent money in this game, spend money again?	0,03	LSP-OP-EN
What is the likelihood that a player who has purchased inapp purchase in one game, doso in the other one?	47%, 99%, 0.5%	LSP-OP-EN
If a player is given free item in the game, how likely are they to make an inapp purchase?	0,85	LSP-OP-EN
What type of items are the most traded ones in the game’s marketplace?	“Health potions”, “Consumable Items”, “Cute Cakes”	INST-SC-EN
How much money an average player spends in inapp purchases?	56 €, 98 USD	LSP-OP-EN
What time are most of the inapp purchases done?	“Evening”, between 1922 GMT	LSP-OP-EN
Where do the most paying customers live in?	“London”, Singapore, Paris	LSP-OP-EN
How long does an average player spend in the game before making first in-app purchase?	1 hour, 87 minutes, 2 weeks	LSP-OP-EN
Where do the players live who have not made any in-app purchases?	“Brazil”, “South Europe”	LSP-OP-EN
Where do the players who have done the most in-app purchases live?	“Zimbabwe”, “Nairobi”, “South America”	LSP-OP-EN
How many players clicked an ingame advertisement?	50000	LSP-OP-EN
How many players start the other game after seeing an advertisement?	24, 600	LSP-OP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
The Software Ontology	theswo.sourceforge.net/
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
swo-1	Are there any modification to the clustering algorithm that Weka uses?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-2	Does Protege provide XML editing?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-3	What software works best with RDF data?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-4	Does SIM render a gif?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-5	What data from Andrew Ng is analysed with Weka, version 4.0?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-6	To what extent does DAVID support appropriate open standards?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-7	Is PostgreSQL compatible with dfp?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-8	Can I render gif if the software supplier goes out of business?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-9	Given DNA nucleotide sequence, what are the data exports for SPSS version 20?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-10	To what extent does Q support appropriate open standards?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-11	Is there a mailing list for Microsoft Windows?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-12	How can I get problems with multiscan fixed?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-13	Are there any active forums discussing minet use?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-14	Where do I get updates for MUSCLE?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-15	Can we collaborate with developers of MATLAB?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-16	Where can I buy LPE from?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-17	Which is the fastest software to read DNA nucleotide sequence?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-18	Does prada meet the ISO-4 standard?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-19	Do I know anyone who has used puma or processed DXF?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-20	How and where has IntelliJ Idea been used successfully in the past?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-21	What do others say about UNIX quality?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-22	How reliable is Kakadu?		LSP-DP-EN
swo-23	What software is better for clustering task given PDF as input type?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-24	Who are the potential users of ITALICS?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-25	Who else has used oligo today?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-26	How popular is Kakadu?		LSP-DP-EN
swo-27	How many settings do I need to know to rerun data annotation analysis?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-28	To what extent does WordStar support appropriate open standards?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-29	What new features are in version 4.3 of ScanArray?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-30	What are the differences between versions of SMAP?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-31	At what point did the license type of SpikeLI change?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-32	What is the licensing history of SLGI?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
swo-33	How many license do we need to run vsn productively?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-34	Does cost of using XDE make sense for my project? Is XDE cost effective?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-35	What level of expertise is required to use ROC?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-36	Are there any usage examples for PSI-BLAST?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-37	Does R software have a tutorial?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
swo-38	How well documented is AIDA for developers?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-39	How do I cite SPSS?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-40	Is ppiStats scriptable?		LSP-DP-EN
swo-41	How can I extend AIDA to include a new function?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-42	Can I use some components of ppiStats for my software?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-43	What hardware do I need to run ROC?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-44	What graphics card does LPE require?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-45	What platform does qvalue run on?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-46	Can I install Rgraphviz on a university computer?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-47	What compiler do I need to compile source code on Windows platform?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-48	Does MATLAB work on 64 bit windows?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-49	What is the algorithm used to process XML?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-50	What are the alternatives to Weka?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-51	What other alternatives to PostgreSQL are there?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-52	Which of the named and published “algorithms” does Unix use?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-53	What type of software is vsn?		LSP-INST-SC-EN
swo-54	What software can perform clustering task?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-55	Is Ringo appropriate software for data annotation?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-56	What are the primary inputs and outputs of XDE?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-57	Which visualisation software is there for TSV and what will it cost?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-58	Which software tool created Matrix?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-59	What software can I use RDF data with to support pattern discovery task?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-60	What are the input and output formats for Adobe Acrobat Reader?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-61	What software can read a .cel file?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-62	What are the export options for AIDA?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-63	What is the valid input for DROID?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-64	Can Eclipse export from its proprietary data format to an open format such as csv, txt?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-65	Can Dropbox work with data that are output from vsn?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-66	What open source, maintained software can I use to process heat map in binary format?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-67	Is the output format of Spotfire proprietary?		LSP-INST-SC-EN
swo-68	Where can I get R software?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-69	How do I get help with Microsoft Excel?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-70	Who developed Mfuzz?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-71	What is the homepage of the DAVID?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-72	Which URL can I get UNIX from?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-73	How long has Jaguar been around?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-74	How actively developed prada is?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-75	Is Weka available as a web service?		LSP-INST-SC-EN
swo-76	What is the version of BioJava?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-77	When was the 1.0 version of MUSCLE released?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-78	Is MFuzz open source development? Is there a community development?		LSP-INST-SC-EN
swo-79	What license Jaguar has, and what is its permissiveness?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
swo-80	Is PSI-BLAST open source or not?		LSP-INST-SC-EN
swo-81	Who owns the copyright for SIM?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-82	Is Linux FOSS?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-83	Is LPE free or not?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-84	Is there any documentation for ROC and where can I find it?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-85	Where is the documentation of Cytoscape?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-86	Where’s the documentation of CRG TCoffee?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-87	Is there a publication with rama?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
swo-88	Is Rosetta Resolver extensible?		LSP-DP-EN
swo-89	In what language was Ringo implemented?		LSP-OP-EN
swo-90	Do I need a license key to use Ringo?		LSP-OP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Ontology for the representation of the National Topographic Base BTN100	https://datos.ign.es/def/btn100/index-es.html
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
btn100-1	Which is the height of peak x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-2	Which are the geometries and maximum levels of the Curvas de Nivel Maestra of bathymetric type?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-3	Which is the name and geometry of the primary interest mountain range?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-4	Which are the rivers of tertiary interest at ground level?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-5	Which are the names and geometry of the major canals at ground level?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-6	Which are the permanent regime lagoons?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-7	Which is the geometry of the wetlands of rambla type?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-8	Which are the names of the seas that surround the Spanish territory?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-9	Which capitals from the population center has a population density higher than x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-10	Which are the names and geometry of the population center that has a population density higher than x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-11	What are the name of disseminated places that are not capitals of municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-12	What are the name of superficial disseminated places that are capitals of municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-13	Which are the names of the free access motorways?		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
btn100-14	Which are the names of the national highway which belong to the european highway network?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-15	Which are the names of the national highway which do not belong to the european highway network?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-16	Which are the names and geometry of the itinerary which belong to the "Camino de Santiago"?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-17	Which are the FFCC stations that are stopping places and whcih are the FFCC stations that have passenger traffic?		LSP-INST-SC-EN and LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
btn100-18	Which are the geometries of the cable transport?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-19	Which are the sea ports that are not under state control?		LSP-COMPL-EN
btn100-20	Which are the heliport that are not under state control and do not belong to the trans-European transport network?		LSP-COMPL-EN
btn100-21	Which are the oil pipelines at ground level?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-22	Which are the low voltage electric lines?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-23	Which are the nuclear power plants?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-24	Which are the names, altitudes and longitudes of the lower order geodesic vertex ?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-25	Which roads cross a municipality ?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-26	Which are the AVE lines that connect two towns?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-27	which is the optimum way between two population centers?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-28	Which are the towns though which the Camino the santiago passes?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-29	Which are the intial point and the end point of the road x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-30	Which are the intial point and the end point of the railway x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-31	Which are the places of interest in a town ?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-32	Which are the historic places in a town?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-33	Which churches are placed in a town?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-34	Which are the monuments of cultural interest in a town?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-35	Which places of interest are in a province?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-36	Which historic places are in a province?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-37	Which goods of cultural interest are in a province?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-38	Which places of interest are in a county?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-39	Which historic places are in a county?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-40	Which goods of cultural interest are in a county?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-41	Which beaches are placed in the province X?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-42	Which gas stations are placed in the municipality x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-43	Which electrict lines passes through a municipality?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-44	Which municipalities are connected through the electric line x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-45	Which hospital attend to a particular municipality?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-46	Which communication stations are in a particular municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-47	Which mines are in a particular province?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-48	Which mines are within a particular distance in a particular municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-49	What geodesic vertex are in a particular municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-50	What REDNAP signals are in a municipality?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-51	Which is the altitude of the municipality x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-52	Which is the altitude of the peak or mountain x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-53	Which are the NP placed along th river x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-54	Which are the cave type places of interest which are also good of cultural interest?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-55	Which are the good of cultural interest of the national park x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-56	Which are the railway stations of the province x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-57	Which are the airports of the autonomous region?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-58	Through which villages does the road x goes through ?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-59	Which are the National Parks?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-60	Which are the natural places?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-61	Which are the Special bird protection area?		LSP-CD-EN
btn100-62	Which river cross the National Park x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-63	Which municiaplities are located inside the PN		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-64	Which roads cross the PN?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-65	How many and which are the surface water located inside thePN x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-66	Which are the protected areas in Spain?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-67	Which are the tributaries on the right of the river x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN
btn100-68	Where does the river X flows into?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-69	How many rivers flow into the sea or ocean zzz?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-70	What are the rivers which belong to municipality x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-71	Through which autonomous community does the river x flow into ?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-72	Through which provinces does the river x flow into ?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-73	Through which municipalities does the river x flow into?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-74	Which town is adjacent to town X?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-75	Which municipality belongs to province X?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-76	Which municipality belongs to the autonomous community x?		LSP-OP-EN
btn100-77	What are the reservoirs of the river x?		LSP-OP-DP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
SAREF ontology	http://ontology.tno.nl/saref/
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
saref-1	What is a device?	A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task in households, common public buildings or offices	LSP-CD-EN
saref-2	A device performs one or more functions		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-3	Examples of devices are a light switch, a temperaturesensor, an energy meter, a washing machine		LSP-INST-SC-EN
saref-4	A device shall have a model property		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-5	A device shall have a manufacturer property		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-6	A device can optionally have a description		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref-7	A building space definesthe physical spaces of the building where a device is located, such as a kitchen or a living room		LSP-OP-EN
saref-8	A building space contains devices or building objects		LSP-U-EN
saref-9	Building objectsare objects in the building that can be controlled by devices, such as doors or windows		LSP-OP-EN
saref-10	A building object can be opened or closed by an actuator		LSP-OP-EN
saref-11	A building space has also a property that can be used to specify thetype of space, for example, the living room or the bedroom		LSP-OP-EN
saref-12	A building space is a geographical point characterized by acertain altitude, latitude and longitude		LSP-DP-EN
saref-13	The devices can be classified into categories: FunctionRelated, EneryRelated and BuildingRelated		LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN
saref-14	The FunctionRelated category can be specialized into: Actuator, Applicance, HVAC, Lighting, Meter, MicroRenewable, Multimedia, Network, Sensor		LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN
saref-15	The EnergyRelated category can be specialized into: Load, Generator and Storage		LSP-SC-Di-EC-EN
saref-16	The devices can belong to several categories		LSP-OP-EN
saref-17	A device can be used for the purpose of offering a commodity		LSP-OP-EN
saref-18	Water or gas are examples of commodities		LSP-INST-SC-EN
saref-19	A device can be used for the purpose of sensing		LSP-OP-EN
saref-20	A device can be used for measuring a property		LSP-OP-EN
saref-21	A device can be used for notifying a property		LSP-OP-EN
saref-22	Examples of properties are temperature, energy or smoke		LSP-INST-SC-EN
saref-23	A device can be used for the purpose of controlling a building object,such as a door or a window		LSP-OP-EN
saref-24	A device may consists of other devices		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
saref-25	A sensor is a device		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-26	A sensor performs a sensing function		LSP-OP-EN
saref-27	A temperature sensor is a device that has category sensor		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-28	A temperature sensor consists of a sensor		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
saref-29	A temperature senso performs the sensing function and is used for the purpose of sensing temperature		LSP-OP-EN
saref-30	A washing machine is a device that has category Appliance and Load		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-31	A washing machine accomplishes the task ofwashing		LSP-OP-EN
saref-32	A washing machine performs an actuating start/pause function		LSP-OP-EN
saref-33	A smoke sensor is a device that has category Sensor		LSP-OP-EN
saref-34	A smoke sensor is a device that consists of a sensor		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
saref-35	A smoke sensor performs asensing and event function		LSP-OP-EN
saref-36	A smoke sensor is used for the purpose of sensing smoke		LSP-OP-EN
saref-37	A switch is a device that has category Actuator		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-38	A door switch has category Actuator,		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-39	A door switch is a device that consists of a switch		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-40	A door switch performs theopen/close function		LSP-OP-EN
saref-41	A door switch is used for the purpose of controlling doors		LSP-OP-EN
saref-42	A dimmer lamp is a device that has category Lighting and Actuator		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-43	A dimmer lamp performs an actuating level control		LSP-OP-EN
saref-44	A dimmer lamp is used for the purpose of controlling the light		LSP-OP-EN
saref-45	A meter is a functionRelated device		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-46	A meter performs a metering function		LSP-OP-EN
saref-47	An energy meter is a device that has category Meter		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-48	An energy meter is a device that consists of a meter		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-49	An energy meter is used for the purpose of measuring energy		LSP-OP-EN
saref-50	A function represents the functionality necessary toaccomplish the task for which a device is designed		LSP-OP-EN
saref-51	Examples of functions are the the actuating, sensing, metering or event functions		LSP-SC-EN
saref-52	An actuating function can be specialized into on/off, open/close, start/stop or level control functions		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref-53	A function can belong to a function category		LSP-OP-EN
saref-54	A function shall have at least one commandassociated to it		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-55	The commands can be: on, off, open, toggle, close, startm pause, step up, step down, set level, get and notify		LSP-SC-EN
saref-56	A device can be found in a correponding state		LSP-OP-EN
saref-57	A command can act upon a state to represent that theconsequence of a command can be a change of state of the device.		LSP-OP-EN
saref-58	A device offers a service		LSP-OP-EN
saref-59	A service is a representation of afunction to a network that makes this function discoverable, registerable and remotely controllable by other devices inthe network		LSP-OP-EN
saref-60	A service shall represent at least one function		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-61	A service is offered by at least one device that wants (a certain set of) its function(s) to be discoverable, registerable andremotely controllable by other devices in the network		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-62	Multiple devices can offer the same service		LSP-OP-EN
saref-63	A service shall specify the device that is offering the service		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref-64	A device can be characterized by a profile.		LSP-OP-EN
saref-65	The profile allows to describe the energy or power production and consumption of a certain device.		LSP-U-EN
saref-66	The profile production and consumption can be calculated over a time span		LSP-OP-EN
saref-67	The profile production and consumption can be associated to some costs		LSP-OP-EN
saref-68	The power is characterized by a certain value that is measured in a certain unit of measure		LSP-OP-EN
saref-69	The energy is characterized by a certain value that is measured in a certain unit of measure		LSP-OP-EN
saref-70	The price is also characterized by a value using currency, which is a type of unit of measure		LSP-OP-EN
saref-71	The time can be specified in terms of instants or intervals		LSP-U-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
saref4env-1	What is a TESS?	TESS is a Telescope Encoder and Sky Sensor	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-2	Which type of sensor is a TESS?	TESS is a photometer	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-3	What is a photometer?	A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-4	What is the main component of TESS?	The main component of TESS is a custom-based electronic board	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-5	Which are the communication interfaces available in TESS?	RS232, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-6	Which components of TESS are sensors?	The light detector, nIR temperature sensor	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-7	Which properties can be measured by a photometer?	Illuminance, irradiance, light absorption, scattering of light, reflection of light, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-8	Each reading in a TESS has a timestamp		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-9	Which are the properties observed by a TESS?	Ambient temperature, sky temperature, frequency and magnitude.	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-10	Physical objects can contain devices		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-11	A sensor could be a person		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-12	Devices might have different versions and revision numbers		LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-13	Which type(s) of RS232 is supported by TESS?	V.24	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-14	Which type(s) of Bluetooth is supported by TESS?	V2.1	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-15	Which type(s) of WiFi is supported by TESS?	802.11ah	LSP-SC-EN
saref4env-16	Which are the components of TESS?	Printed circuit board, light detector, infrared thermometer module, remote serial port Wi-Fi transceiver module, power supply, light collector, nIR filter, clear glass window, enclosure box	LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4env-17	Which hardware elements is a TESS connected to?	To a Wi-Fi router	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-18	Which is the communication protocol used by TESS?	MQTT Broker (RabbitMQ + MQTT Adapter)	LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref4env-19	What is the transmission period of the TESS?	5 minutes (configurable)	LSP-SC-EN
saref4env-20	A device is located in a given geographical point defined by a latitude and a longitude		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-21	A device position is defined using the azimuth and altitude horizontal coordinates		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-22	A sensing device takes measures following a frequency		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-23	A device can be actionable or not		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-24	A device is part of a system		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref4env-25	An actuator is a type of device		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref4env-26	A device has energy consumption		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-27	A lamppost uses a given light generation method		LSP-OP-Min-EN
saref4env-28	A lamppost has energy consumption		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-29	A lamppost might have a light shield		LSP-U-EN
saref4env-30	What is a lamppost?	A lamppost is a physical object that lights an outdoor area.	LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-31	A light has a geometry		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-32	A light is projected in a given direction		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-33	A light is projected in a given angle		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-34	A light is projected from a given height		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-35	A light has a colour		LSP-U-EN
saref4env-36	A light can have flash		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-37	What can be considered as physical objects?	An Arduino board, a garage door, a bottle of soda, a building, a TV, etc.	LSP-CD-EN
saref4env-38	A digital representation of an object has a name		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-39	A digital representation of an object has a description		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-40	A physical object has a description		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-41	A digital representation of an object has a unique identifier		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-42	A digital representation of an object can have zero or more tags		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4env-43	A digital representation of an object has exactly one creation date		LSP-OP-Exact-EN
saref4env-44	A digital representation of an object includes the date in which some characteristic of object was last modified (e.g., its geolocation)		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-45	A sensing device produces a log of property observations		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-46	A log indicates which is its last value		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-47	Values in a log are related to the time in which they were observed		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-48	A physical representation of an object includes an observation log for each property to be observed		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-49	An observation value is measured in a given unit		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-50	What is a service?	A service is a software system to support interaction over a network	LSP-CD-EN
saref4env-51	Physical objects can have digital representations that are accessible through services		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-52	A service can expose either none or multiple digital representations of an object		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-53	A digital representation of an object is exposed at maximum by one service		LSP-OP-Max-EN
saref4env-54	A digital representation of an object performs actions		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-55	An action manages an actuator		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-56	An action of a digital representation of an object can keep an action log		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-57	A property of a digital representation of an object can keep an observation log		LSP-OP-EN
saref4env-58	A digital representation of an object encapsulates a system		LSP-OP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
SAREF4EBLDG ontology	https://w3id.org/def/saref4bldg
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
saref4bldg-1	What is a building?	A building represents a structure that provides shelter for its occupants or contents and stands in one place. The building is also used to provide a basic element within the spatial structure subClassOf for the components of a building project (together with site, storey, and space).	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-2	A building can contain devices		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
saref4bldg-3	What is a shading device?	Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-4	Which properties has a shading device?	Shading device type, whether the element is external, whether the element is operated mechanically, thermal transmittance, solar transmittance, visible light transmittance, solar reflectance, visible light reflectance, and roughness.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-5	What is an actuator?	An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. An actuator takes energy, usually created by air, electricity, or liquid, and converts that into some kind of motion.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-6	What is an alarm?	An alarm is a device that signals the existence of a condition or situation that is outside the boundaries of normal expectation or that activates such a device. Alarms include the provision of break glass buttons and manual pull boxes that are used to activate alarms.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-7	What is a controller?	A controller is a device that monitors inputs and controls outputs within a building automation system. A controller may be physical (having placement within a spatial structure) or logical (a software interface or aggregated within a programmable physical controller).	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-8	What is a flow instrument?	A flow instrument reads and displays the value of a particular property of a system at a point, or displays the difference in the value of a property between two points. Instrumentation is typically for the purpose of determining the value of the property at a point in time. It is not the purpose of an instrument to record or integrate the values over time (although they may be connected to recording devices that do perform such a function). This entity provides for all forms of mechanical flow instrument (thermometers, pressure gauges etc.) and electrical flow instruments (ammeters, voltmeters etc.)	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-9	What is a sensor?	A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-10	What is a unitary control element?	A unitary control element combines a number of control components into a single product, such as a thermostat or humidistat. A unitary control element provides a housing for an aggregation of control or electrical distribution elements that, in combination, perform a singular (unitary) purpose. Each item in the aggregation may have its own geometric representation and location.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-11	Which properties has an actuator?	Fail position and manual override.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-12	What is a protective device tripping unit?	A protective device tripping unit breaks an electrical circuit at a separate breaking unit when a stated electric current that passes through the unit is exceeded.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-13	What is an audio visual appliance?	An audio-visual appliance is a device that displays, captures, transmits, or receives audio or video. Audio-visual appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. They may require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source. Audio-visual appliances may be connected to data circuits including specialist circuits for audio visual purposes only.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-14	What is a communication appliance?	A communications appliance transmits and receives electronic or digital information as data or sound. Communication appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Communication appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-15	What is an electric appliance?	An electric appliance is a device intended for consumer usage that is powered by electricity. Electric appliances may be fixed in place or may be able to be moved from one space to another. Electric appliances require an electrical supply that may be supplied either by an electrical circuit or provided from a local battery source.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-16	What is an electric flow storage device?	An electric flow storage device is a device in which electrical energy is stored and from which energy may be progressively released.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-17	What is an electric generator?	An electric generator is an engine that is a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-18	What is an electric motor?	An electric motor is an engine that is a machine for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-19	What is an electric time control?	An electric time control is a device that applies control to the provision or flow of electrical energy over time.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-20	What is a lamp?	A lamp is an artificial light source such as a light bulb or tube.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-21	What is an outlet?	An outlet is a device installed at a point to receive one or more inserted plugs for electrical power or communications. Power outlets are commonly connected within a junction box; data outlets may be directly connected to a wall. For power outlets sharing the same circuit within a junction box, the ports should indicate the logical wiring relationship to the enclosing junction box, even though they may be physically connected to a cable going to another outlet, switch, or fixture.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-22	What is a protective device?	A protective device breaks an electrical circuit when a stated electric current that passes through it is exceeded. A protective device provides protection against electrical current only (not as a general protective device). It may be used to represent the complete set of elements including both the tripping unit and the breaking unit that provide the protection. This may be particularly useful at earlier stages of design where the approach to breaking the electrical supply may be determined but the method of tripping may not. Alternatively, this entity may be used to specifically represent the breaking unit alone (in which case the tripping unit will also be specifically identified). This entity is specific to dedicated protective devices and excludes electrical outlets that may have circuit protection.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-23	What is a solar device?	A solar device converts solar radiation into other energy such as electric current or thermal energy.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-24	What is a switching device?	A switch is used in a cable distribution system (electrical circuit) to control or modulate the flow of electricity. Switches include those used for electrical power, communications, audio-visual, or other distribution system types as determined by the available ports.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-25	What is a transformer?	A transformer is an inductive stationary device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another. A transformer is used to transform electric power; conversion of electric signals for other purposes is handled at other entities: a controller converts arbitrary signals, an audio visual appliance converts signals for audio or video streams, and a communications appliance converts signals for data or other communications usage.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-26	Which properties has a protective device tripping unit?	Standard and limiting terminal size.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-27	Which properties has an audio visual appliance?	Media source and audio volume.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-28	Which properties has an electric flow storage device?	Nominal supply voltage, nominal supply voltage offset, and nominal frequency.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-29	Which properties has an electric generator?	Electric generator efficiency, start current factor, and maximum power output.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-30	Which properties has an electric motor?	Maximum power output, electric motor efficiency, start current factor, starting time, TE time, locked rotor current, motor enclosure type, frame size, whether the motor enclosure is guarded, and whether the motor has part winding.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-31	Which properties has a lamp?	Contributed luminous flux, light emitter nominal power, lamp maintenance factor, lamp ballast type, lamp compensation type, colour appearance, spectrum, colour temperature, and colour rendering index.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-32	Which properties has an outlet?	Whether the outlet accepts a loose plug connection and the number of sockets.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-33	Which properties has a switching device?	Number of gangs, switch function, whether it has a key operated lock, whether there is an illuminated indicator to show that the switch is on, legend, and set point.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-34	Which properties has a transformer?	Primary voltage, secondary voltage, primary current, secondary current, primary frequency, secondary frequency, primary apparent power, secondary apparent power, maximum apparent power, secondary current type, short circuit voltage, real impedance ratio, imaginary impedance ratio, transformer vector group, whether the neutral point of the primary winding is available as a terminal, and whether the neutral point of the secondary winding is available as a terminal.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-35	What is an air to air heat recovery?	An air-to-air heat recovery device employs a counter-flow heat exchanger between inbound and outbound air flow. It is typically used to transfer heat from warmer air in one chamber to cooler air in the second chamber (i.e., typically used to recover heat from the conditioned air being exhausted and the outside air being supplied to a building), resulting in energy savings from reduced heating (or cooling) requirements.	LSP-OP-DP-EN
saref4bldg-36	What is a burner?	A burner is a device that converts fuel into heat through combustion. It includes gas, oil, and wood burners.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-37	What is a chiller?	A chiller is a device used to remove heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle to cool a fluid, typically water or a mixture of water and glycol. The chilled fluid is then used to cool and dehumidify air in a building.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-38	What is a boiler?	A boiler is a closed, pressure-rated vessel in which water or other fluid is heated using an energy source such as natural gas, heating oil, or electricity. The fluid in the vessel is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. A boiler is a vessel solely used for heating of water or other fluids. Storage vessels, such as for drinking water storage are considered as tanks.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-39	What is a coil?	A coil is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media. A common example is a cooling coil, which utilizes a finned coil in which circulates chilled water, antifreeze, or refrigerant that is used to remove heat from air moving across the surface of the coil. A coil may be used either for heating or cooling purposes by placing a series of tubes (the coil) carrying a heating or cooling fluid into an airstream. The coil may be constructed from tubes bundled in a serpentine form or from finned tubes that give an extended heat transfer surface. Coils may also be used for non-airflow cases such as embedded in a floor slab.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-40	What is a compressor?	A compressor is a device that compresses a fluid typically used in a refrigeration circuit.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-41	What is a condenser?	A condenser is a device that is used to dissipate heat, typically by condensing a substance such as a refrigerant from its gaseous to its liquid state.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-42	What is a cooled beam?	A cooled beam (or chilled beam) is a device typically used to cool air by circulating a fluid such as chilled water through exposed finned tubes above a space. Typically mounted overhead near or within a ceiling, the cooled beam uses convection to cool the space below it by acting as a heat sink for the naturally rising warm air of the space. Once cooled, the air naturally drops back to the floor where the cycle begins again.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-43	What is a cooling tower?	A cooling tower is a device which rejects heat to ambient air by circulating a fluid such as water through it to reduce its temperature by partial evaporation.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-44	What is a damper?	A damper typically participates in an HVAC duct distribution system and is used to control or modulate the flow of air.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-45	What is a duct silencer?	A duct silencer is a device that is typically installed inside a duct distribution system for the purpose of reducing the noise levels from air movement, fan noise, etc. in the adjacent space or downstream of the duct silencer device.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-46	What is an engine?	An engine is a device that converts fuel into mechanical energy through combustion.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-47	What is an evaporative cooler?	An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air by saturating it with water vapour.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-48	What is an evaporator?	An evaporator is a device in which a liquid refrigerant is vaporized and absorbs heat from the surrounding fluid.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-49	What is a fan?	A fan is a device which imparts mechanical work on a gas. A typical usage of a fan is to induce airflow in a building services air distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-50	What is a filter?	A filter is an apparatus used to remove particulate or gaseous matter from fluids and gases.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-51	What is a flow meter?	A flow meter is a device that is used to measure the flow rate in a system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-52	What is a heat exchanger?	A heat exchanger is a device used to provide heat transfer between non-mixing media such as plate and shell and tube heat exchangers. A heat exchanger is commonly used on water-side distribution systems to recover energy from a liquid to another liquid (typically water-based), whereas an air-to-air heat recovery is commonly used on air-side distribution systems to recover energy from a gas to a gas (usually air).	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-53	What is a humidifier?	A humidifier is a device that adds moisture into the air.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-54	What is a medical device?	A medical device is attached to a medical piping system and operates upon medical gases to perform a specific function. Medical gases include medical air, medical vacuum, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-55	What is a pump?	A pump is a device which imparts mechanical work on fluids or slurries to move them through a channel or pipeline. A typical use of a pump is to circulate chilled water or heating hot water in a building services distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-56	What is a space heater?	Space heaters utilize a combination of radiation and/or natural convection using a heating source such as electricity, steam or hot water to heat a limited space or area.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-57	What is a tank?	A tank is a vessel or container in which a fluid or gas is stored for later use.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-58	What is a tube bundle?	A tube bundle is a device consisting of tubes and bundles of tubes used for heat transfer and contained typically within other energy conversion devices, such as a chiller or coil.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-59	What is a unitary equipment?	Unitary equipment typically combine a number of components into a single product, such as air handlers, pre-packaged rooftop air-conditioning units, heat pumps, and split systems.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-60	What is a valve?	A valve is used in a building services piping distribution system to control or modulate the flow of the fluid.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-61	What is a vibration isolator?	A vibration isolator is a device used to minimize the effects of vibration transmissibility in a building.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-62	Which properties has an air to air heat recovery?	Heat transfer type, whether it has defrost function or not, operational temperature range, primary air flow rate range, and secondary air flow rate range.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-63	Which properties has a burner?	Energy source.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-64	Which properties has a chiller?	Nominal capacity, nominal efficiency, nominal condensing temperature, nominal evaporating temperature, nominal heat rejection rate, nominal power consumption.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-65	Which properties has a boiler?	Pressure rating, operating mode, heat transfer surface area, nominal part load ratio, water inlet temperature range, water storage capacity, whether it is a water storage heater, outlet temperature range, nominal energy consumption, and energy source.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-66	Which properties has a coil?	Operational temperature range, air flow rate range, nominal sensible capacity, nominal latent capacity, nominal UA, and placement type.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-67	Which properties has a compressor?	Power source, refrigerant class, minimum part load ratio, maximum part load ratio, compressor speed, nominal capacity, ideal capacity, ideal shaft power, whether it has hot gas bypass, and impeller diameter.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-68	Which properties has a condenser?	Refrigerant class, external surface area, internal surface area, internal refrigerant volume, internal water volume, nominal heat transfer area, nominal heat transfer coefficient.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-69	Which properties has a cooled beam?	Whether it is free hanging, water flow control system type, water pressure range, nominal cooling capacity, nominal surrounding temperature cooling, nominal surrounding humidity cooling, nominal supply water temperature cooling, nominal return water temperature cooling, nominal water flow cooling, nominal heating capacity, nominal surrounding temperature heating, nominal supply water temperature heating, nominal return water temperature heating, nominal water flow heating, integrated lighting type, pipe connection, finish colour, coil length, and coil width.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-70	Which properties has a cooling tower?	Nominal capacity, circuit type, flow arrangement, spray type, capacity control, control strategy, number of cells, basin reserve volume, lift elevation difference, water requirement, operation temperature range, ambient design dry bulb temperature, ambient design wet bulb temperature.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-71	Which properties has a damper?	Operation, orientation, blade thickness, blade action, blade shape, blade edge, number of blades, face area, maximum air flow rate, temperature range, maximum working pressure, temperature rating, nominal air flow rate, open pressure drop, leakage fully closed, frame type, frame depth, frame thickness, and close off rating.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-72	Which properties has a duct silencer?	Hydraulic diameter, length, weight, air flow rate range, working pressure range, temperature range, and has exterior insulation.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-73	Which properties has an engine?	Energy source.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-74	Which properties has an evaporative cooler?	Flow arrangement, heat exchange area, operational temperature range, and water requirement.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-75	Which properties has an evaporator?	Evaporation medium type, evaporation coolant, refrigerant class, external surface area, internal surface area, internal refrigerant volume, internal water volume, nominal heat transfer area, and nominal heat transfer coefficient.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-76	Which properties has a fan?	Motor drive type, capacity control type, operation temperature range, nominal air flow rate, nominal total pressure, nominal static pressure, nominal rotation speed, nominal power rate, operational riterial.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-77	Which properties has a filter?	Weight, initial resistance, final resistance, operation temperature range, flow rate range, nominal filter face velocity, nominal media surface velocity, nominal pressure drop, nominal flow rate, nominal particle geometric mean diameter, and nominal particle geometric standard deviation.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-78	Which properties has a flow meter?	Read out type and remote reading.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-79	Which properties has a heat exchanger?	Arrangement.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-80	Which properties has a humidifier?	Application, weight, nominal moisture gain, nominal air flow rate, internal control, and water requirement.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-81	Which properties has a pump?	Flow rate range, flow resistance range, connection size, temperature range, net positive suction head, and nominal rotation speed.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-82	Which properties has a space heater?	Placement type, temperature classification, heat transfer dimension, heat transfer medium, energy source, body mass, thermal mass heat capacity, output capacity, thermal efficiency, number of panels, number of sections.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-83	Which properties has a tank?	Access type, storage type, nominal length or diameter, nominal width or diameter, nominal depth, nominal capacity, effective capacity, operating weight, pattern type, end shape type, first curvature radius, second curvature radius, number of sections.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-84	Which properties has a tube bundle?	Number of rows, staggered row spacing, in line row spacing, number of circuits, fouling factor, thermal conductivity, length, volume, nominal diameter, outside diameter, inside diameter, horizontal spacing, vertical spacing, has turbulator.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-85	Which properties has a valve?	Valve pattern, valve operation, valve mechanism, size, test pressure, working pressure, flow coefficient, and close off rating.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-86	Which properties has a vibration isolator?	Vibration transmissibility, isolator static deflection, isolator compressibility, height, and maximum supported weight.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-87	What is a fire suppression terminal?	A fire suppression terminal has the purpose of delivering a fluid (gas or liquid) that will suppress a fire. A fire suppression terminal provides for all forms of sprinkler, spreader and other form of terminal that is connected to a pipework system and intended to act in the role of suppressing a fire.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-88	What is an interceptor?	An interceptor is a device designed and installed in order to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous or undesirable matter while permitting normal sewage or liquids to discharge into a collection system by gravity.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-89	What is a sanitary terminal?	A sanitary terminal is a fixed appliance or terminal usually supplied with water and used for drinking, cleaning or foul water disposal or that is an item of equipment directly used with such an appliance or terminal.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-90	Which properties has an interceptor?	Nominal body length, nominal body width, nominal body depth, inlet connection size, outlet connection size, cover length, cover width, ventilating pipe size.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
saref4bldg-91	What is an energy conversion device?	The distribution flow element energy conversion device defines the occurrence of a device used to perform energy conversion or heat transfer and typically participates in a flow distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-92	What is a flow controller?	The distribution flow element flow controller defines the occurrence of elements of a distribution system that are used to regulate flow through a distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-93	What is a flow moving device?	The distribution flow element flow moving device defines the occurrence of an apparatus used to distribute, circulate or perform conveyance of fluids, including liquids and gases (such as a pump or fan), and typically participates in a flow distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-94	What is a flow storage device?	The distribution flow element flow storage device defines the occurrence of a device that participates in a distribution system and is used for temporary storage (such as a tank).	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-95	What is a flow terminal?	The distribution flow element flow terminal defines the occurrence of a permanently attached element that acts as a terminus or beginning of a distribution system (such as an air outlet, drain, water closet, or sink). A terminal is typically a point at which a system interfaces with an external environment.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-96	What is a flow treatment device?	The distribution flow element flow treatment device defines the occurrence of a device typically used to remove unwanted matter from a fluid, either liquid or gas, and typically participates in a flow distribution system.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-OP-EN
saref4bldg-97	What is a transport element?	A transport element is a generalization of all transport related objects that move people, animals or goods within a building or building complex.	LSP-CD-EN, LSP-DC-SC-EN
saref4bldg-98	Which properties has a transport element?	Capacity people, capacity weight, and fire exit.	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
OneM2M ontology	https://git.onem2m.org/MAS/BaseOntology/blob/3_6_0/base_ontology.owl
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
onem2m-1	A thing is an entity that can be identified in the oneM2M System.		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-2	A thing may have properties		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-3	A thing can have relations to other things		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-4	An aspect could be a (physical or non-physical) entity or it could be a quality		LSP-U-EN
onem2m-5	An aspect can have metadata		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-6	Metadata contain data (like units, precision-ranges …) about a variable or about an aspect		LSP-U-EN
onem2m-7	A device is a thing that is able to interact electronically with its environment via a network		LSP-CD-EN
onem2m-8	A device may be a physical or non-physical entity		LSP-U-EN
onem2m-9	A device performs one or more functionalities in order to accomplish a particular task		LSP-Min-and-OP-EN
onem2m-10	A device has one or more services that expose in the network its functionalities		LSP-Min-and-OP-EN
onem2m-11	A device can be composed of several (sub-)devices		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
onem2m-12	An interworked device is a device that does not support oneM2M interfaces and can only be accessed from the oneM2M System by communicating with a "proxied" (virtual) device that has been created by an interworking proxy entity		LSP-CD-EN
onem2m-13	An interworked device is part of an area network		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
onem2m-14	An area network is a network that provides data transport services between an interworked device and the oneM2M System		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-15	An area network follows an standard that defines its physical properties		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-16	An area network follows a communication protocol		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-17	An area network follows a profile		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-18	A service is an electronic representation of a functionality in a network		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-19	A service can expose one or more functionalities		LSP-OP-Min-EN
onem2m-20	A service can be composed of independent (sub-)services		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-21	A service has an operation		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-22	A service has an input data point		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-23	A service has an output data point		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-24	A functionality represents the functionality necessary to accomplish the task for which a device is designed		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-25	A functionality refers to (e.g. observes or influences) some real-world aspect(s)		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-26	A functionality has commands that allow human users to influence/observe such functionality		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-27	A controlling functionality represents a functionality that has impacts on the real world, but does not gather data		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-28	A measuring functionality represents a functionality that has no impacts on the real world, but only gathers data		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-29	An operation is the means of a service to communicate in a procedure-type manner over the network (i.e. transmit data to/from other devices)		LSP-SC-EN
onem2m-30	An operation is the -machine interpretable- exposure of a -human understandable- command to a network		LSP-SC-EN
onem2m-31	An operation may receive input data from input data points (persistent entities)		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-32	An operation may receive data from operation inputs (transient entities that are deleted when the operation finishes)		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-33	An operation may produce output data into output data points (persistent entities)		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-34	An operation may produce data into operation outputs (transient entities that are deleted when the operation finishes)		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-35	An operation has an operation state that allows a oneM2M entity to get informed on the progress of that operation		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-36	An operation has a method		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-37	An operation has a target URI		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-38	A command represents an action that can be performed to support a functionality		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-39	A command has as input one or more operation inputs		LSP-OP-Min-EN
onem2m-40	A command has as output one or more operation outputs		LSP-OP-Min-EN
onem2m-41	An operation input describes an input of an operation and also describes the input of a command		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-42	An operation output describes an output of an operation and also describes the output of a command		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-43	An operation state describes the current state of an operation		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-44	An operation state is a simple type variable		LSP-CD-EN
onem2m-45	An operation state has exactly one data restriction pattern		LSP-OP-Exact-EN
onem2m-46	An input data point is a variable of a service that is accessed by a RESTful device in its environment and that the device reads out autonomously (e.g. at periodic times)		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-47	An output data point is a variable of a service that is set by a RESTful device in its environment and that the device updates autonomously (e.g. at periodic times)		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-48	A variable describes an entity that stores some data (e.g. integers, text, etc., or structured data) that can change over time		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-49	A variable describes a real-world aspect		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-50	A variable can have metadata		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-51	A variable can be structured using other variables		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-52	A variable may have a value (useful for values that are relatively static)		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-53	A variable has a CRUD method through which the instantiation of the variable value can be manipulated		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-54	A variable has a URI of a resource through which the instantiation of the value of the variable can be manipulated		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
onem2m-55	A simple type variable is a variable that only consists of variables of simple XML types like xsd:integer, xsd:string, etc., potentially including restrictions		LSP-DC-SC-EN
onem2m-56	A simple type variable contains the name of the attribute of the resource that is referenced with the target URI and that stores the value of the simple type variable		LSP-OP-EN
onem2m-57	A simple type variable has exactly one datatype		LSP-OP-Exact-EN
onem2m-58	A simple type variable has a data restriction		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
ODRL ontology	https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-model/
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
odrl-1	A single option for applying a constraint to a party (of a specific role) should be defined.		LSP-OP-Exact-EN
odrl-2	It should be possible to define the target of a constraint inside a Permission, Prohibition or Duty: e.g. a constraint of human age applies to the Assignee, a constraint of play time applies to Assets (of type audio or video), etc.		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-3	The current data model assumes a policy instance includes all required data explicitly. This should be extended to policy instances which include explicit data and variables for values which are defined by parameters provided by an access to this template.		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-4	In addition to the existing identifiers of a policy means for expressing a version of this policy should specified.		LSP-OP-DP-EN
odrl-5	It should be possible to define the price for duty/duties of payment for all permissions of a policy in a global way - while currently the payment duty must be defined for each permission individually.		LSP-OP-DP-EN
odrl-6	Extend the temporal constraints by setting a time reference, any period in the rightOperand refers to this point in time.		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-7	For a relativeTimePeriod constraint the rightOperand has to provide a time period as value.		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
odrl-8	Being able to tie Permission, Prohibition, Duty, and Constraint entities together with an AND, OR or XOR relationship		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-9	Being able to assign multiple individuals of type Party to a Group for which permissions/prohibitions/duties can be specified.		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-10	Ability to link from a Policy or a Permission to the original (text-based) license.		LSP-OP-EN
odrl-11	It should be possible to define policies of type Assertion.		LSP-CD-EN
odrl-12	An Assertion policy does not grant any permissions/prohibitions, but reflects policy terms that a party believes to have.		LSP-OP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Building Top Ontology	https://w3c-lbd-cg.github.io/bot/
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
bto-1	Zones are areas with spatial 3D volumes		LSP-DC-SC-EN
bto-2	Construction sites are areas with spatial 3D volumes		LSP-DC-SC-EN
bto-3	Buildings are areas with spatial 3D volumes		LSP-DC-SC-EN
bto-4	Storeys are areas with spatial 3D volumes		LSP-DC-SC-EN
bto-5	Spaces are limited three-dimensional extent defined physically or notionally, and are areas with spatial 3D volumes		LSP-CD-EN + LSP-DC-SC-EN
bto-6	Zones may contain other zones		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
bto-7	Construction sites may contain buildings		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
bto-8	Buildings may contain storeys		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
bto-9	Storeys may contain spaces		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
bto-10	Spaces may be contained in storeys, buildings, and construction sites		LSP-PW-CONS-COM-CE-EN
bto-11	Spaces may intersect different storeys, buildings, and construction sites		LSP-OP-EN
bto-12	A zone can be adjacent to another zone		LSP-OP-EN
bto-13	There are building elements		LSP-CD-EN
bto-14	Building elements may have sub elements		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
bto-15	Zones may have elements, either contained in it, or adjacent to it		LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
bto-16	A zone and an adjacent zone share an interface		LSP-OP-EN
bto-17	A zone and an adjacent element share an interface		LSP-OP-EN
bto-18	An element and an adjacent element share an interface		LSP-OP-EN

Ontology name	Ontology URI
Videogame ontology	http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#
Identifier	Competency questions / Natural language sentence (fact)	Answer	Lexico-Syntactic Pattern associated
video-1	What is the username of the player?	Japskua, TheGuy47	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-2	Who are the friends of the player?	Ivanhoe444, Super1337	LSP-OP-EN
video-3	Who are the friends that play other games as well with this player?	Japskua, C00LDud3	LSP-OP-EN
video-4	Who are the most active players in the game?	Michael98, Justin Bieber	LSP-OP-EN
video-5	What are the achievements of my friends?	Cool Guy,Mr. Guru	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-6	Who does the player play with?	Nobody, ArnoldTheHunkz	LSP-OP-EN
video-7	What are the achievements your friend has received?	Guru, Kill’Em’All	LSP-OP-EN
video-8	What achievements does a game have?	Unlock me!, You Rock	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-9	How many hours has this game been played in total?	50 000 hours	LSP-OP-EN
video-10	What are the types of achievements in this game?	Skillbased, Veteran, Luck	LSP-INST-SC-EN
video-11	What are the types of achievements a game can have?	Skillbased, Veteran, Luck	LSP-INST-SC-EN
video-12	What is the genre of the game?	RPG, Adventure, Puzzle	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-13	What items exist in a game?	Magical Staff, Ferrari	LSP-OP-EN
video-14	Who is the creator of the game?	Electronic Arts, Janne Parkkila	LSP-OP-EN
video-15	What is the release date of the game?	38486	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-16	What are the games similar to this one?	Hitman 1, Hitman 2, MassEffect 2	LSP-OP-EN
video-17	List all games of a certain Genre?	NHL12, Fifa13, NBA10	LSP-OP-EN
video-18	What type is the item of?	Consumable Equipable	LSP-INST-SC-EN
video-19	What abilities does an item have?	Magic, Equipable, Damagedealing	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-20	9. What is the fastest car in the game?	Ferrari, Audi A8	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-21	How much damage does a weapon deal?	57, A lot	LSP-OP-EN
video-22	Who has the best kill count in the game?	Gamer47	LSP-OP-EN
video-23	Who are the top 3 players in the game?	1. Gamer47 2. MeMee 3. MrUber	LSP-OP-EN
video-24	What games has the player played?	"World of Warcraft", "Final Fantasy VII", "Clash of Clans"	LSP-OP-EN
video-25	What items does the player have?	"Sword of Steel", "Magic Potion", "Mage’s Hat"	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-26	What achievements of a certain type does the player have?	"Speedy Runner", "Jumping Hero", "Rolling Master"	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-27	What kind of games are owned by players that have certain achievement?	NHL12, WoW, Space Invaders	LSP-OP-EN
video-28	What is the last game a player has played?	Hitman 2	LSP-OP-EN
video-29	How big percentage of players have a certain item in the game?	23%, 87%	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-30	What are the most common genres played by players with a certain character class in a game?	RPG, Sports, Simulators	LSP-OP-EN
video-31	What is the preferred weapon of players with a certain character class?	Shuriken, Buster Sword, AK47	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-32	What type of weapon are players using who win mostly in the game?	Ak47, Longsword, Crossbow	LSP-OP-EN
video-33	When was the last time a certain player played this game?	36392	LSP-OP-EN
video-34	In how many games does the player have all the achievements?	2, 0, 67	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-35	What is the favorite map of the player in the game?	de_dust, cs_italy	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-36	What is the most played map in a game?	RunRun	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-37	What is the difficulty level the player uses in certain game genres?	Easy	LSP-OP-EN
video-38	How many times have I killed someone in a game?	4	LSP-OP-EN
video-39	How many goals did I score in FIFA 15?	0	LSP-OP-EN
video-40	What is the most common level in the game where players stop playing?	Level 4, Level 7, Le Mans track	LSP-OP-EN
video-41	How big percentage of players have made a certain decision in the game?	24%, 6%	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-42	How big percentage of players skip the cutscenes?	0,99	LSP-OP-EN
video-43	How many players mute the game music?	100%, 50 000	LSP-OP-EN
video-44	After gaining an item in the game, how many players use it?	100, 5, None	LSP-OP-EN
video-45	How many times players have died in a level?	50, 600 000	LSP-OP-EN
video-46	How big percentage of players use the item in question in other linked games?	2%, 55%	LSP-OP-EN
video-47	How many players have moved from game to another when they have seen a linked commercial?	40 000, 100 million	LSP-OP-EN
video-48	What is the first action done by the player after an event?	Save game, Drink health potion, Change equipment	LSP-OP-EN
video-49	What is the location in map where the players die the most?	X:47, Y:58, Z:60 [level coordinates]	LSP-OP-EN
video-50	What equipment does a player have in a game?	Sword of Zelda, Dagger of Ice	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-51	What consumable items does a player have in game?	Health Potion, Potion of Mana, Cookie	LSP-OP-DP-PW-EN
video-52	What is the most used item in the game?	Baseball bat	LSP-OP-DP-EN
video-53	What are the games where a player can use this item?	Sam & Max, Space Quest	LSP-OP-EN
video-54	How many players have made inapp purchases?	5 000, 8%	LSP-OP-EN
video-55	How many players who have already spent money in this game, spend money again?	0,03	LSP-OP-EN
video-56	What is the likelihood that a player who has purchased inapp purchase in one game, do so in the other one?	47%, 99%, 0.5%	LSP-OP-EN
video-57	If a player is given free item in the game, how likely are they to make an inapp purchase?	0,85	LSP-OP-EN
video-58	What type of items are the most traded ones in the game’s marketplace?	"Health potions", "Consumable Items", "Cute Cakes"	LSP-INST-SC-EN
video-59	How much money an average player spends in inapp purchases?	56 €, 98 USD	LSP-OP-EN
video-60	What time are most of the inapp purchases done?	"Evening", between 1922 GMT	LSP-OP-EN
video-61	Where do the most paying customers live in?	"London", Singapore, Paris	LSP-OP-EN
video-62	How long does an average player spend in the game before making first in-app purchase?	1 hour, 87 minutes, 2 weeks	LSP-OP-EN
video-63	Where do the players live who have not made any in-app purchases?	"Brazil", "South Europe"	LSP-OP-EN
video-64	Where do the players who have done the most in-app purchases live?	"Zimbabwe", "Nairobi", "South America"	LSP-OP-EN
video-65	How many players clicked an ingame advertisement?	50000	LSP-OP-EN
video-66	How many players start the other game after seeing an advertisement?	24, 600	LSP-OP-EN

References

The following list references the sources from where the ontological requirements were extracted.

[SAREF ontologies] SAREF extension investigation Technical Report (TR 103 411). Available at: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103400_103499/103411/01.01.01_60/tr_103411v010101p.pdf
[OneM2M] SAREF extension investigation Technical Report (TR 103 411). Available at: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103400_103499/103411/01.01.01_60/tr_103411v010101p.pdf
[VICINITY ontologies] Vicinity ontology portal. Available at: http://vicinity.iot.linkeddata.es
[OntoDT ontology] Panov, P., Soldatova, L. N., & Džeroski, S. (2016). Generic ontology of datatypes. Information Sciences, 329, 900-920.
[Demc@re ontology] D5.1 Semantic Knowledge Structures and Representation. Dementia Ambient Care: Multi-Sensing Monitoring for Intelligent Remote Management and Decision Support. Available at: http://www.demcare.eu/downloads/D5.1SemanticKnowledgeStructures_andRepresentation.pdf
[Videogame ontology] Parkkila, J., Radulovic, F., Garijo, D., Poveda-Villalón, M., Ikonen, J., Porras, J., & Gómez-Pérez, A. (2017). An ontology for videogame interoperability. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(4), 4981-5000
[The Software Ontology] Malone, J., Brown, A., Lister, A. L., Ison, J., Hull, D., Parkinson, H., & Stevens, R. (2014). The Software Ontology (SWO): a resource for reproducibility in biomedical data analysis, curation and digital preservation. Journal of biomedical semantics, 5(1), 25.
[BTN100 Ontology] Available at: https://github.com/oeg-upm/ontology-BTN100/tree/master/requirements
[Building Top Ontology] Available at: https://w3c-lbd-cg.github.io/bot/#Requirements
[ODRL] Available at: http://w3c.github.io/poe/ucr/